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Design a Chat Application
Design a real-time chat application like WhatsApp or Facebook Messenger.
Defend the architecture of a real project you built, its constraints, trade-offs, failures, and how you would redesign it today.
Choose a substantial project from your experience. Walk me through the architecture, the constraints that shaped it, the most important trade-offs, and what you would improve now.
Use this as one discussion aid, not a single correct answer. Your design should follow from the requirements, scale, and trade-offs you establish.
graph LR
A["Architecture Deep Dive on Your Past Project"]
A --> F1["Original requirements and constraints"]
A --> F2["Architecture and ownership boundaries"]
A --> F3["Failure modes and production evidence"]
A --> F4["Trade-offs and rejected alternatives"]
A --> F5["Incremental redesign plan"]The interviewer probes these areas, and the report grades the interview against them.
Practice drawing this system component-by-component on a live whiteboard while the interviewer probes at your target level.
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Related System Design
Design a real-time chat application like WhatsApp or Facebook Messenger.
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Design the service that calculates courier payouts from order activity and upstream timing data.
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Design a shared tagging service that lets users apply tags to entities across multiple Atlassian products, with consistent search and deduplication.
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Design a GFS- or HDFS-style file system that stores petabytes of large files across thousands of servers in one data center for batch processing.